TO: Mr. Fred Wilpon, Chairman of the Board of the New York Mets
CC: Mr. Bud Selig, Commissioner of Major League Baseball
Ms. Hillary Clinton, United States Secretary of State
Mr. George Mitchell, United States Special Envoy for the Middle East
Ms. Rachel Robinson, Chairman of the Jackie Robinson Foundation
SUBJECT: Cancel Hebron Fund”s Fundraising Dinner at Citi Field over Group”s Support for Human Rights Violations & Discrimination
Date: November 3, 2009
As diverse organizations working for human rights, social justice, and peace, we call on the New York Mets to cancel the November 21st fundraising dinner for the Hebron Fund that is scheduled to be held at the Caesars Club at Citi Field, the stadium of the New York Mets. By allowing the Hebron Fund to fundraise on its premises, the New York Mets will be directly aiding Hebron”s Jewish settlers, who are regularly described, both worldwide and among Israelis, as violent racists. The New York Mets will be facilitating activities that directly violate international law and the Obama administration”s call for a freeze in settlement construction, and that actively promote racial discrimination, and the ethnic cleansing of Palestinians from their homes in Hebron. A review of last year”s and this year”s Hebron Fund dinners also shows that some dinner honorees support violence and the terrorizing of Palestinians (see below).
Finally, The Hebron Fund has been the subject of complaints to the I.R.S. regarding its tax-exempt status. The complaints request investigations of allegations that it raises funds for the development of illegal settlements in the occupied West Bank.
Supporting Hebron”s settlers would directly contradict Major League Baseball”s and the New York Mets” commitment to diversity and opposition to discrimination. Indeed, it would be a tragic irony for an event funding Israeli settlers” violent actions and discriminatory policies against Palestinians to be held at the Caesars Club which, according to the Mets, “sits directly on top of the Jackie Robinson Rotunda,” which was named “in honor of Jackie Robinson, the legendary pioneer and great American who broke baseball’s color barrier.”[1] Major League Baseball and The New York Mets actively promote Jackie Robinson”s “Nine Values” in their educational materials for youth. [2] Yet Hebron”s settlers flagrantly violate Robinson”s value of “Justice: Treating all people fairly, no matter who they are.”
In the Israeli-occupied West Bank city of Hebron 700 Israeli settlers, living in defiance of international law amidst 150,000 Palestinians, are attempting to expand their hold on Hebron”s historic old city by taking over homes, terrorizing and expelling Palestinian residents, and connecting their settlements to the neighboring settlement of Kiryat Arba, with 7000 residents.[3] Historically, the settlers of Hebron and Kiryat Arba have planned and implemented many attacks against Palestinians, including Kiryat Arba resident Baruch Goldstein”s 1994 attack on Palestinians praying at the Tomb of the Patriarch in Hebron. Goldstein killed 29 unarmed Palestinian worshippers and injured 125. Goldstein”s grave in Hebron is a pilgrimage site for settlers and their supporters.[4]
Supporting Israeli Settlements
It is clear that the Hebron Fund and its November 21st fundraising dinner support Israeli settlements, in direct violation of international law and US foreign policy. The Hebron Fund”s invitation to this year”s fundraiser at Citi Field issues a direct challenge to the Obama Administration”s call for a freeze in all Israeli settlement construction, saying, “Join us in support of Hebron and in protest of today”s building freeze in Judea and Samaria.”[5]
Furthermore, in a September 24th, 2008 radio interview before last year”s New York fundraiser, Hebron Fund Executive Director Yossi Baumol explained, “There are real facts on the ground that are created by people helping the Hebron Fund and coming to our dinners.” [6] Creating irrevocable “facts on the ground” by building settlements on Israeli-occupied land has been the strategy of the Israeli settlement movement since its inception. On December 4, 2008, following the evacuation in compliance with international law by the Israeli army of settlers from the Hebron settlement of Beit Hashalom, Yossi Baumol asserted in a radio interview, “In the end we will come back to this building.”[7] As reported by Reuters,[8] a March 2007 joint appeal by The Hebron Fund and Jewish Community of Hebron called for donations saying, “Dozens of new families can now come live in Hebron… waiting for you to be their partners in the redemption of Hebron – by providing doors, windows, heating systems and many other necessities.”[9] A 2006 report by The Hebron Fund and the Jewish Community of Hebron called for the re-establishment of the “Mitzpe Shalhevet” settlement in the Palestinian market in Hebron, after the settlement was evacuated by the Israeli army, in compliance with international law. The accompanying fundraising appeal says, “Help us move families back into the Shuk [market] and into other new areas!” And, “Please redouble your support of the Hebron Fund at this crucial time so you can be a partner in…The purchase and renovation of ancient Jewish homes, Construction of new housing.”[10] The Hebron Fund has raised more than $10 million for Hebron”s settlers from 2000–2008, according to its form 990s submitted annually to the IRS.[11]
Violating International Law, US Foreign Policy and US Non-Profit Laws
According to all major human rights organizations, the UN, the International Court of Justice, and almost every government worldwide, Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank and East Jerusalem violate international law, specifically Article 49 of the Fourth Geneva Convention which states that, “The Occupying Power shall not deport or transfer parts of its own civilian population in the territory it occupies.” In 1979, the US State Department”s legal adviser also issued a legal opinion that has never been revoked or revised stating that the establishment of Israeli settlements in occupied Palestinian territories “is inconsistent with international law,” according to The Washington Post.[12]
President Obama has made a freeze on settlement expansion a top diplomatic priority, declaring in his June speech in Cairo that “the United States does not accept the legitimacy of continued Israeli settlements. This construction violates previous agreements and undermines efforts to achieve peace. It is time for these settlements to stop.”[13] A year earlier, under President Bush, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice “pressed Israel to cut its own financial incentives for settlers.”[14]
Washington Post columnist David Ignatius used the Hebron Fund as an example, in an article in which he noted that “private organizations in the United States continue to raise tax-exempt contributions for the very activities that the government opposes;” and “critics of Israeli settlements question why American taxpayers are supporting indirectly, through the exempt contributions, a process that the government condemns.”[15]
The Hebron Fund”s promotion of settlement construction and discriminatory activities also appears to contradict the Hebron Fund”s declaration, submitted every year on its IRS Form 990, that its “primary exempt purpose” is “to promote social and educational well being,” as well as Hebron Fund Executive Director Yossi Baumol”s assurances to the American Prospect that the Hebron Fund funds only “tours, pilgrimage, and religious study.”[16] The case can be made that The Hebron Fund should not be eligible for tax-exempt status in the US because it is not organized and operated exclusively for charitable purposes, but rather promotes the anti-charitable values of violence, racism, and opposition to human rights. The settlement activity that the Hebron Fund supports is racially exclusive, discriminatory, contrary to United States policy and contrary to international law.
Violence by Hebron”s Settlers against Palestinians
Shortly after Israeli soldiers evacuated settlers from the Hebron settlement of Beit Hashalom that Yossi Baumol promised settlers would return to in his December 4, 2008 radio interview, the settlers went on a rampage through Hebron, shooting three Palestinians and setting fire to and otherwise damaging Palestinian property. Then-Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert commented at the time, “As a Jew, I was ashamed at the scenes of Jews opening fire at innocent Arabs in Hebron. There is no other definition than the term ‘pogrom’ to describe what I have seen.”[17]
According to a 2007 report on Hebron, “Ghost Town,” by the internationally respected Israeli human rights organizations B”Tselem and the Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI), Hebron is characterized by “a phenomenon of routine and sometimes extremely violent settler abuse of Palestinians” that aims to “get them to leave the area” of the old city.[18] The Hebron Fund says that it “operates in concert with the community there [in Hebron] to assess their needs and respond in kind.”[19] Through its generalized support to Hebron”s settler community, the Hebron Fund condones and at least indirectly supports these violent assaults on Palestinian civilians.
According to B”Tselem and ACRI, “The settler attacks include physical assault, including beatings, at times with clubs, stone throwing, hurling of refuse, sand, water, chlorine, empty bottles and other objects, occasionally using sharp objects, destruction of shops and doors, shattering of windows, thefts, cutting of fruit trees, destruction of merchants” stands, and verbal insults. Also documented during the second intifada are cases in which Israelis were involved in gunfire, trying to run people over, poisoning of a water well, breaking into homes, spilling of hot liquid on the face of a Palestinian, and the killing of a Palestinian girl.”
A November, 2008 report, “Under Attack: Settler Violence against Palestinian Children in the Occupied Territory,” by the child rights organization Defence for Children International – Palestine Section,[20] explains that in Hebron, “Settler children routinely verbally harass, chase, hit and throw stones at Palestinian schoolchildren. Their parents and other adults engage in similar behavior.” DCI-PS notes, as one example, that records from the Qurtuba School in Tel Rumeida, Hebron, from April 2008 “documented seven separate physical assaults on schoolchildren including hitting and stone throwing. In one such attack, settlers turned their dog loose on a young boy causing him to fall down and break his arm as he tried to run away.” The DCI-PS report includes interviews with 10 year-old Raghad Hasham Younis al-Azza who was beaten by two eighteen-year-old settler girls, 12-year-old Yousef Hisham Younes al-Azza who was beaten in the mouth with a stone by a female adult settler, causing the loss of a tooth, and with 12-year-old Islam Wael Mohammad Sharabati who was hit and kicked by a group of settlers.
Other examples of recent attacks by Hebron”s settlers against Palestinians include a November 30, 2008 settler assault, just prior to the December evacuation of Beit Hashalom. On that night, according to B”Tselem, “50 settlers entered a Palestinian neighborhood at 2:00 A.M., accompanied by an army jeep. The settlers threw stones that shattered windowpanes of houses and of some 25 cars, and punctured the tires of the cars. They then threw stones at houses in the neighborhood and shattered windowpanes.”[21] On April 4, 2009, settlers attacked and damaged ten Palestinian cars with rocks, shattering a number of windshields, during an evening walk.[22] On April 11, settler children attacked with rocks a Palestinian ambulance that was carrying a 70 year-old Palestinian woman and her daughter as they attempted to return to their home in Hebron after the woman”s medical appointment. The ambulance window was shattered, the ambulance turned back, and the 70 year-old woman traumatized. [23] On August 1, about ten settlers attacked a Palestinian man as he walked home, beating him with a chair and a piece of iron.[24]
Racial Discrimination and Ethnic Cleansing Committed by Hebron”s Settlers
According to B”Tselem and ACRI, as a result of settlement expansion, settler violence and Israeli military violence, and closures, in the center of Hebron, “at least 1,014 Palestinian housing units had been vacated by their occupants… 41.9 percent of the housing units in the relevant area… Regarding Palestinian businesses, 1,829 were not open for business… 76.6 percent of all the business establishments in the surveyed area…. The practice of closing streets to Palestinians in areas near the settlements, along with the open declarations of the settlers in Hebron about their intention “to Judaize the city” and live in an area “free of Arabs,” show that the source of the prohibitions on Palestinian movement in this area apparently relate to the army”s surrender to the racist demands of settlers.” B”Tselem and ACRI describe the movement of Palestinians out of the old city as “quiet transfer,” and “the unlawful transfer of a protected person as a grave breach of the [Geneva] convention, a war crime, for which the persons responsible bear personal liability.”
According to the US nonprofit Christian Peacemakers Team (CPT), which placed volunteers in Hebron from 1995-2008, with the aim of reducing violence there, “Graffiti such as “Die Arab Sand-Niggers!” is often sprayed on Palestinian houses by Israeli settlers” (documented in a CPT photo). [25]
The Hebron Fund demonstrates on its website its support for, in partnership with the Jewish Community of Hebron, both racial discrimination and the replacement of the Palestinian population of Hebron by Jews. Clicking on the symbol which says “Give to Hebron” on the Hebron Fund webpage[26] takes one to a donations page on the website for the Jewish Community of Hebron which says, among other things, “keep Hebron Jewish for the Jewish people!”[27]
The use of violence and terror by Israeli settlers and the Israeli military in Hebron corresponds with the broadly accepted definition of ethnic cleansing. Human Rights Watch noted in a 2004 report on Darfur that, “Although “ethnic cleansing” is not formally defined under international law, a U.N. Commission of Experts has defined the term as a “purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means the civilian population of another ethnic or religious group from certain geographic areas. . . . This purpose appears to be the occupation of territory to the exclusion of the purged group or groups.””[28] Human Rights Watch further explains that, “The individual human rights abuses that characterize ethnic cleansing are crimes against humanity and war crimes.”
Hebron Fund Dinner Honorees Support Violence and Terrorizing Palestinians
At this year”s Hebron Fund dinner, Hebron Jewish community spokesperson Noam Arnon is being honored as the “2009 Lion of Zion Awardee.”[29] According to a 1990 Associated Press report, when “three Jewish militants were freed… after serving less than seven years for killing three Arabs and maiming two Palestinian mayors in car bombings,” “members of the crowd hoisted the three men on their shoulders, and Noam Arnon of the Gush Emunim settler movement” told Israel Radio, “They are heroes because they decided to sacrifice themselves, their future, their families, for the security of Jews.”[30] In a recent interview that is posted on the website of the Jewish Community of Hebron (a site that is interlinked to the website of the Hebron Fund), Noam Arnon says that Breaking the Silence, an organization of ex-Israeli soldiers, is anti-semitic and supports Islamic terrorism.[31] When the interviewer asks Arnon if he considers Baruch Goldstein”s 1994 attack that killed 29 Palestinians and injured 125 more to be terrorism, Arnon avoids responding to the question, changes the subject to Arab attacks on Jews and never criticizes Goldstein”s attack.[32]
In a video on the Hebron Fund website, 2008 Hebron Fund honoree Myrna Zisman explains that she “must accept this award on behalf of two extraordinary women.”[33] She explains that second is named Yifat. Zisman then spends much of the video paying tribute to Yifat. Many will recognize the Yifat pictured in Myrna Zisman”s video as Yifat Alkoby because she became famous when she was caught on videotape in 2006 terrorizing a Palestinian woman who was caged inside her own home as protection from settler attacks.[34] Alkoby was videoed taunting the Palestinian woman, repeatedly calling the woman and her daughters whores and telling them to stay inside her cage, as an Israeli soldier stood and watched.[35] Jerusalem Post columnist Larry Derfner called it “a scene that chilled viewers in Israel and around the world” and that supported claims that settlers in Hebron “abuse Palestinians with impunity.” [36] In an interview dated 2007 on the B”Tselem website Alkoby explains, in speaking of the view of Arab neighborhoods that she sees from her window, that, “You open them in the morning and see what still has to be done until we can return there.”[37]
Rabbi Moshe Levinger, a founder of Hebron”s settlements, is among those honored in another video for the 2008 Hebron Fund dinner called “The Next Generation,”[38] though, due to his attacks on Palestinians, Levinger has been charged repeatedly with crimes[39] including manslaughter,[40] assault,[41] rioting,[42] and disturbing the Muslim prayer. When told by Jeffrey Goldberg of The New Yorker in a 2004 interview that the Israeli Police appeared worried he would attack Palestinians, Levinger responded, “The Arabs know to behave like good boys around us.”[43]
In another 2008 video featuring Chasdei Avot Honorees Myriam and Cheskie Stern, three children who are seemingly the Sterns” children are briefly shown holding guns and smiling.[44]
The New York Mets, Major League Baseball and Racial Discrimination
The New York Mets can be proud of the diversity of the Mets” players and coaches, as well as the Mets” fan base. The symbolic naming by the Mets of the rotunda at Citi Field after Jackie Robinson, and the Mets” stated commitment to perpetuating Robinson”s legacy and values are laudable.[45] Major League Baseball”s (MLB) stated commitment to diversity, on and off the field, is also very positive. According to the MLB website, “In 2004 and 2005, MLB was honored as one of the 50 top corporations in the nation for multicultural businesses by DiversityBusiness.com, the largest member organization of diversity businesses in the United States.” [46]
It would taint the reputations and credibility of the New York Mets and Major League Baseball to directly facilitate fundraising for Hebron”s settlers who represent the type of racial exclusivism, discrimination and ethnically targeted violence that the United States and Major League Baseball actively struggle against. Hebron”s settlers certainly do not live according to Jackie Robinson”s “Nine Values,” which Major League Baseball and The New York Mets actively promote in educational materials for youth.[47] In particular, Hebron”s settlers flagrantly violate Robinson”s value of “Justice: Treating all people fairly, no matter who they are.”
In light of the Hebron Fund”s direct involvement in violations of international law, US foreign policy, and US non-profit codes, and the Hebron Fund”s support for violence, racial discrimination and the ethnic cleansing of Palestinians from their homes and communities, we strongly urge the New York Mets to immediately cancel the Hebron Fund”s upcoming fundraiser at Caesars Club at Citi Field.
We look forward to your response.
Sincerely,
* Adalah-NY: The Coalition for Justice in the Middle East www.adalahny.org
* American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee www.adc.org
* Brooklyn For Peace www.brooklynpeace.org
* Coalition of Women for Peace (Israel) www.coalitionofwomen.org
* CODEPINK Women for Peace www.codepinkalert.org
* Gush Shalom (Israel) www.gush-shalom.org
* Jewish Voice for Peace www.jewishvoiceforpeace.org
* Jews Against the Occupation – NYC www.jatonyc.org
* Palestinian Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions National Committee (Palestine) www.bdsmovement.net
* US Campaign to End the Israeli Occupation www.endtheoccupation.org
* WESPAC Foundation www.wespac.org
1. Citi Field: A-Z Guide, see Caesars Club and Jackie Robinson Rotunda, http://newyork.mets.mlb.com/nym/ballpark/guide.jsp
2. See Major League Baseball handout on “Breaking Barriers,” http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2010/community/breaking_barriers/reproducables_02.pdf
3. In Divided Hebron a Shared Despair, The Washington Post, July 26, 2007, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/25/AR2007072502360.html
4. The leading account of the history of Israeli settlements in Palestine, Lords of the Land by Idith Zertal and Akiva Eldar devotes significantly more space to these two settlements than to any others.
5. http://www.hebron.com/english/article.php?operation=print&id=562
6. September 24, 2008 interview on Nachum”s News, minute 39:15, http://www.nachumsegal.com/readBlog.cfm?blog=50829
7. Jewish Moments in the Morning with Nachum Segal on AM 91.1, December 4, 2008, minute 1:50, http://www.wfmu.org/listen.ram?show=29525&archive=46948&drop=2
8. Factbox: Tax-exempt US groups aid W. Bank settlers, Reuters, August 25, 2008, http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/LO415812.htm
9. Beit HaShalom in Hebron: Like a City Bound Together, The Hebron Fund/The Jewish Community of Hebron, March 21, 2007, http://www.hebron.org.il/english/article.php?id=314
10. Hebron Today, The Hebron Fund/The Jewish Community of Hebron, Spring 2006, http://hebron.web.aplus.net/english/data/downloads/alon-hebron-2006.pdf
11. For form 990s see www.guidestar.com
12. Old Legal Opinion Raises New Questions, Glenn Kessler, June 17, 2009, The Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/06/16/AR2009061603285.html
13. Analysts See Growing US-Israeli Rift Over Settlements Issue, Meredith Buel, June 4, 2009, Voice of America News, http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2009-06/2009-06-04-voa52.cfm?CFID=324777785&CFTOKEN=18558833&jsessionid=6630b04c3344c387b7006774384e11145c1b
14. US tax breaks help Jewish settlers in West Bank, Reuters, Adam Entous, August 25, 2008, http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/LK275621.htm
15. A Tax Break Fuels Middle East Friction, David Ignatius, March 26, 2009, The Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/25/AR2009032502800.html
16. Underwriting the Conflict, The American Prospect, Matthew Duss, December 20, 2007, http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=underwriting_the_conflict_in_hebron
17. Olmert Condemns Settler “Pogrom,” December 7, 2009, the BBC, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7770384.stm
18. Ghost Town, Israel”s Forced Separation Policy and Eviction of Palestinians from the Center of Hebron, B”Tselem and The Association for Civil Rights in Israel, May, 2007, http://www.btselem.org/Download/200705_Hebron_eng.pdf
19. Hebron Fund Mission Statement, http://www.hebron.com/english/article.php?for_email=1&id=416
20. “Under Attack: Settler Violence against Palestinian Children in the Occupied Territory,” Defence for Children International – Palestine Section, November, 2008, http://www.dci-pal.org/english/publ/research/2008/UASTReport.pdf
21. Hebron: Willful Abandonment by Security Forces, December 10, 2008, B”Tselem, http://www.btselem.org/English/Settler_Violence/20081210_Hebron_riots.asp
22. Testimony: Settlers Accompanied by soldiers throw stones at cars and houses, April, 2009, B”Tselem, http://www.btselem.org/English/Testimonies/20090403_Settlers_throw_stones_at_houses_and_cars_in_Hebron.asp
23. Testimony: Settlers Throw rocks at ambulance transporting patient, April, 2009, B”Tselem, http://www.btselem.org/English/Testimonies/20090411_Settler_kids_assault_an_ambulance_in_Hebron_witness_Abu_Haikal.asp
24. Settlers assault Nizam al-‘Azazmeh while on his way home, Hebron, August, 2009, B”Tselem, http://www.btselem.org/English/Testimonies/20090801_Settlers_assault_Nizam_al_Azazmeh.asp
25. http://www.cpt.org/gallery/album03/02_05_03_Die_Arab_Sand
26. http://www.binamica.co.il/~hfund/
27. https://pro29.abac.com/hebron/english/donate.php
28. Darfur Destroyed: Ethic Cleansing by Government and Militia Forces in Western Sudan, Human Rights Watch, May, 2004, http://hrw.org/reports/2004/sudan0504/6.htm#_Toc71531703
29. http://www.hebron.com/english/article.php?operation=print&id=562
30. Three Israeli Terrorists are Released in 4th Reduction of Their Terms, the Associated Press, December 27, 1990, http://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/27/world/3-israeli-terrorists-are-released-in-4th-reduction-of-their-terms.html
31. Protest against left-wing tour by Breaking the Silence outside Kiryat Arba, video at bottom of page of interview with Noam Arnon, minutes 0:26 – 0:45 of the video, http://www.hebron.com/english/gallery.php?id=253
32. Protest against left-wing tour by Breaking the Silence outside Kiryat Arba, video at bottom of page of interview with Noam Arnon, begins at minute 1:55 of the video, http://www.hebron.com/english/gallery.php?id=253
33. The 2008 Hebron Fund Dinner – Films and Photos, video of Aishet Chayil Honoree Myrna Zisman (the video is in the lower lefthand corner of the page), http://www.hebron.com/english/article.php?id=470
34. Myrna Zisman verifies that Yifat is the same Yifat Alkoby living in Tel Rumeida, Hebron in another account of her 2008 Hebron Fund award, http://www.5tjt.com/news/PrintArticle.asp?Id=3197 , “Years later, when I went back, people told me, “You have to meet this incredible young woman. Her name is Yifat Akabi.” I approached this bullet-ridden trailer, and as I entered, there was Yifat! She was married and the mother of several small children. If you went to Hebron, there was Yifat, warm and welcoming, with a tish spread out. She is so happy and so grateful to be in Hebron. Yifat was my biggest influence–she and all the other mothers who are running around, all of them so happy.”
35. B”Tselem Video: Tel Rumeida Hebron: http://www.btselem.org/english/video/20070416_Tel_Rumeida.asp
36. Image Makers, Larry Derfner, October 2, 2008, The Jerusalem Post, http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1222017437343&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull
37. B”Tselem Video: Tel Rumeida Hebron, minute 6:09, http://www.btselem.org/english/video/20070416_Tel_Rumeida.asp
38. The 2008 Hebron Fund Dinner – Films and Photos, video of “The Next Generation” (the video is in the center of the page), http://www.hebron.com/english/article.php?id=470
39. Some of Levinger”s cases are reviewed in detail in the B”Tselem report, Law Enforcement on Israeli Civilians in the Occupied Territories, March, 1994, www.btselem.org/Download/199403_Law_Enforcment_Eng.rtf
40. Settlers” Leader Indicted in Israel in Death of Arab, Joel Brinkley, April 13, 1989, The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/13/world/settlers-leader-indicted-in-israel-in-death-of-arab.html?scp=7&sq=%22moshe%20levinger%22&st=cse; Levinger was later sentenced to five months in prison, http://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/02/world/at-old-city-site-just-20-jews-are-left.html?scp=14&sq=%22moshe%20levinger%22&st=cse
41. Issues in the News, March, 1991, Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, http://www.wrmea.com/backissues/0391/9103051.htm
42. Levinger Gets Six Months for Rioting, Herb Keinon, December 12, 1995, The Jerusalem Post, http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-5999339.html
43. A Reporter at Large: Among the Settlers, Jeffrey Goldberg, May 31 2004, The New Yorker, http://www.jeffreygoldberg.net/articles/tny/a_reporter_at_large_among_the.php
44. The 2008 Hebron Fund Dinner – Films and Photos, video of Chasdei Avot Honorees Myriam and Cheskie Stern, the image of three children with guns appears at 2:34 of the video in the upper righthand corner of the page, http://www.hebron.com/english/article.php?id=470
45. Citi Field: A-Z Guide, The Jackie Robinson Rotunda, http://newyork.mets.mlb.com/nym/ballpark/guide.jsp
46. Diverse Businesses, MLB.com, http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/dbp/about.jsp
47. See Major League Baseball handout on “Breaking Barriers,” http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2010/community/breaking_barriers/reproducables_02.pdf
